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In This Issue:
A) 1999 Corn and Soybean Performance Trials Results On-Line
B) Wheat Development Update: A Few Yellow Fields
C) Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistant Varieties
D) Certified Crop Advisor and Pesticide Applicator Credits Offered at
Regional Agronomy Meetings
E) Results of the 1999 High Oil Corn TC Blend Performance Test
F) Comparison Between Fall and Spring Applied N
The 1999 Corn and Soybean Trials can be found on-line at http://ohioline.ag.ohio-state.edu/~perf/corn99/index.html and http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~perf/sbean99/index.html.
The new wheat crop looks good so far this year. Wheat planted on the Hessian Fly Free Date or within two weeks after this date have developed at least three or more main tillers. This is optimum for over winter survival. Most fields that were planted three weeks or more after this date have plants that are very small; one to two tillers. Depending on the winter severity, these fields could lose stand over winter.
Dry conditions at planting caused stand establishment problems in some fields and some of these fields have turned yellow over the past month. The most significant problem was not planting the seed deep enough in these fields. If seed were not planted deep enough to reach moisture, seed germination was not uniform and emergence was delayed. Stand counts in these fields are less tha expected for the seeding rate used and plants are in different stages of development with tiller numbers ranging from one to four per plant.
It may be wise to evaluate the depth of planting in your fields now because it is easier to identify this problem in the fall than in the spring. Plants developing from seed that was planted at the proper depth (1 to 1.5 inches) should have a subcrown internode three quarters of an inch to an inch and a quarter long. The subcrown internode is the stem like structure that forms between the seed and the base of the crown. If the seed appears to be connected directly to the crown then the seed was planted too shallow. This year many of the plants developing from shallow planted seed have had a difficult time growing in relatively dry soil. This stress has caused plants to turn yellow over the past few weeks when temperatures are favorable for growth, but due to poor root development and in dry soil they cannot take up sufficient moisture and nutrients to support rapid growth. These fields should be monitored over winter for frost heaving and winter injury from cold temperatures.
Soybean cyst nematode is best managed with crop rotation. In years when the SCN populations in a field range from 200 to 2,000 eggs per cup of soil a soybean cyst nematode resistant variety can be planted. A listing of SCN resistant varieties that will be available for the year 2000 can be found on Ohioline http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~perf/scn00/index.html.
Remember - DO NOT PLANT SCN Resistant varieties in fields with SCN populations greater than 2,000. Only one source of resistance is present in many of the varieties - if this source is planted into fields with high populations, you will favor those nematodes that can reproduce on that source of resistance and those nematodes will build-up in a very short period of time. The end result will be a field with a high SCN population in which there are no resistant varieties available.
Pre-registration deadlines for the December Regional Agronomy Meetings are fast approaching -- ending one week prior to the meeting date. Registration cost is $15 per person and includes lunch, the program proceedings, and 1999 Corn and Soybean Trial information (if available). Registration at the door is $20, space permitting. Meetings will run from 8:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. More program information can be found at http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~corn/99agmeet.html.
Private and Commercial Pesticide Applicator credits and Certified Crop Advisor (CCA) credits will be available, though the number of credits offered will vary by site. Dates, locations, contacts and credits offered for the seven Regional Agronomy Meetings are:
Dec. 8, Lima, Ohio State University Lima Branch, Reed Hall Auditorium
Contact Dave Jones, Allen County Extension, (419) 222-9946
CCA-1.5 Crop production, 1.0 Soil fertility, 1.5 IPM
Private Pesticide Applicator-1.5 Grain and Cereal Category 1 Commercial Pesticide- 1.0
2(a), 0.5 2(c)
Dec. 9, Dayton, Arbor Hall
Contact Steve Bartels, Butler County Extension, (513) 887-3722
CCA-2.0 Crop production, 1.0 Soil fertility, 1.0 IPM
Private Pesticide Applicator-1.0 Grain and Cereal Category 1 Commercial Pesticide- 0.5
2(a), 0.5 2(c)
Dec. 10, Urbana, Champaign County Community Center
Contact Barry Ward and Larry Brockett, Champaign County Extension, (937) 652-2204
CCA-1.0 Crop production, 1.0 Soil fertility, 2.5 IPM
Private Pesticide Applicator-2.0 Grain and Cereal Category 1 0.5 Core Commercial
Pesticide- 1.0 2(a), 1.0 2(c), 0.5 Core
Jan. 17, Newark, Licking County Joint Vocational School
Contact Howard Siegrist, Licking County Extension, (740) 349-6900
CCA-2.0 Crop production, 0.5 Soil fertility, 0.5 IPM
Private Pesticide Applicator-0.5 Grain and Cereal Category 1 Commercial Pesticide- 0.5
2(a), 0.5 2(c)
Jan. 18, Wilmington, Clinton County Fairgrounds, Expo Center
Contact Tony Nye, Clinton County Extension, (937) 382-0901
CCA-2.5 Crop production, 1.0 Soil fertility, 1.0 IPM
Private Pesticide Applicator-1.0 Grain and Cereal Category 1 Commercial Pesticide- 0.5
2(a), 0.5 2(c)
Jan. 19, Tiffin, Camden Falls Conference Center
Contact Clark Hutson, Seneca County Extension, (419) 447-9722
CCA-2.0 Crop production, 1.0 Soil fertility, 1.5 IPM
Private Pesticide Applicator-1.5 Grain and Cereal Category 1 Commercial Pesticide- 1.0
2(a), 0.5 2(c)
Jan. 19, Mansfield, Richland County Fairgrounds; John Hartz Activity Building and Youth
Hall
Contact Maurus Brown, Richland County Extension, (419) 747-8755
CCA-2.0 Crop production, 1.0 Soil fertility, 1.5 IPM
Private Pesticide Applicator-1.5 Grain and Cereal Category 1 Commercial Pesticide- 1.0
2(a), 0.5 2(c)
High oil corn TC Blend tests were performed at two Ohio locations in 1999 - the OSU OARDC Western Branch Research Farm near South Charleston in southwest Ohio and the OSU OARDC Northwest Branch Research Farm near Hoytville in northwest Ohio. Sixteen high oil TC Blends representing eight seed companies were planted at each site. The normal grain parents of three of the TC Blend entries were included in the trials as checks. The major objective of these tests was to evaluate the agronomic performance and grain quality characteristics (i.e. oil content) of TC Blends adapted to Ohio growing conditions and commercially available to corn growers.
Grain yields of TC Blends ranged from 139 to 159 Bu/A at Hoytville and 128 to 159 Bu/A at S. Charleston. TC Blend yields averaged about 6% (9 Bu/A) less and about 3% more (4 Bu/A) than yields of the checks at Hoytville and S. Charleston, respectively. At Hoytville, half of the TC Blend entries produced yields that were not significantly different from the top yielding check hybrid; only three TC Blends yielded less than the lowest yielding check hybrid. At S.Charleston, six TC Blends significantly out yielded two of the check hybrids. Only one of the checks produced yields that were not significantly different from the top yielding six TC Blends. All 16 TC Blends produced yields greater than or comparable to the lowest yielding check hybrid.
TopCross grain produced by the TC Blends was characterized by higher oil content than grain of normal corn hybrids (7.3% vs. 3.6% at Hoytville; 7.3% vs. 3.9% at S. Charleston). There were significant differences in grain oil content among the 16 TC Blends at each location with oil levels ranging from 6.6% to 8.4% at Hoytville and 6.6% to 8.2% at S. Charleston. The TC Blends with the highest and lowest grain oil content were the same at Hoytville and S. Charleston. Estimates of metabolizable energy for nonruminants were consistently greater in TopCross high oil grain than in grain of normal hybrids. Grain protein levels of TopCross and normal grain were comparable at Hoytville but protein levels averaged 1.5 percentage points higher in grain of normal corn than in TopCross grain at S. Charleston. Estimates of lysine content were higher in TopCross grain than in grain of normal corn hybrids at both locations, whereas starch levels were lower in TopCross grain compared to grain of normal corn.
Since premiums and relative feed value are based on the oil content of TopCross grain, growers need to plant TC Blends with high yield potential and grain oil content to maximize their profits. 1999 test results indicate that TC Blends with high levels of kernel oil and grain yield potential similar to normal corn hybrids are available.
Full results of the 1999 high oil corn TC Blend evaluation are available on the web at the following address: http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~hocorn/af13699.htm
The 1999 high oil corn evaluation will also be available in Extension Fact Sheet AGF136 (which has been submitted for publication and posting on the web). For more information about high oil corn, consult the High Oil Corn (HOC) Production & Marketing Guide at http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~hocorn/
TopCross, TCBlend and Optimum are registered trademarks of Optimum Quality Grains, L.L.C.
The extended fall has encouraged many producers to try fall-applied N. This has led to the question, "Does fall applied N yield any differently than spring applications?" The answer is dependent upon weather and types of soil N. Available N can exist in the soil as nitrate or ammonium. The nitrate form may be lost to leaching and/or denitrification. The ammonium form has a positive charge and may be held by organic matter and clay particles, minimizing loss potential. Eventually soil bacteria will convert ammonium-N to nitrate-N. Warm conditions favor this conversion (nitrification). Thus, if field conditions do not favor N loss (e.g. cool and relatively dry), yields should be similar between fall and spring applications -- which occurred in 1998/1999.
But if winter and early spring conditions are warm and wet, then sizable N losses may occur leading to yield reductions. These losses may be minimized by fall management practices that maintain N in the ammonium form as long as possible. These practices include:
In summary, spring applications of N are still the most efficient and have the least chance of being lost before crop uptake. In an 8-year study, Ohio State University scientists, Stehouwer and Johnson, showed that average corn yields were about 5% higher from spring applied anhydrous compared to fall applied at the 160 lb/ac N rate. Without a nitrification inhibitor, the difference is almost 10%. It is still weather dependent, some years this percentage may be less and others more. For more detailed information, see p. 6 of Extension Bulletin 2567, Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, and Alfalfa.
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Past versions of C.O.R.N. can be found on the World Wide Web at: http:/www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~corn/archive/
C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry. C.O.R.N. is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, State Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are directed to State Specialists, Extension Associates, and Agents associated with Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at The Ohio State University.
Contributors to C.O.R.N. include: State Specialists: Anne Dorrance and Pat Lipps (Plant Pathology), Hal Willson (Entomology) and Peter Thomison (Corn Production); District Specialist: Ed Lentz (Agronomy); Extension Agents: Barry Ward (Champaign), Steve Prochaska (Crawford), Larry Lotz (Fayette), Greg La Barge Fulton), and Roger Bender (Shelby).
Editor: Greg LaBarge Web Editor: Nathan Watermeier
Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.
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