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October 30 - November 12, 2000
C.O.R.N. 2000-36
In This Issue:
A. Leaf Rust On New Wheat Plantings
B. Fall is the Best Time To Sample for Soybean Cyst Nematode
C. 2000 Ohio Soybean Trials Available on the Web
D. A New and Free Source of Differential Signal for GPS
E. Temporary Grain Storage
F. Regional Agronomy Meeting Series Set for 2000-2001
We have received several reports from northwest Ohio concerning the presence of leaf rust on new plantings of wheat. We do not have a lot of details at this time, but it appears that rust may be in the earlier planted fields. Under normal winter conditions leaf rust does not survive the cold winters in Ohio. However, we have seen it survive the winter when temperatures are warmer than normal or when the wheat is covered with snow during cold spells. When rust overwinters in a field it is ready to grow and infect the new growth in the spring. Rust severities can get quite high in these fields and have the potential to cause 20% or greater yield losses on susceptible varieties. Over winter survival of the wheat can be a problem if rust is severe enough to cause the plants to turn yellow in the fall. When this happens the young plants can not accumulate enough carbohydrate reserves to last through the winter and plants die before or during spring green up. We have not heard of any fields with this level of rust severity so far this year. It would be wise for wheat growers to examine their fields now for rust. Rust can be effectively controlled with a fungicide application, but we do not recommend an application this late in the fall. It is important to note which fields have rust now and then go back to those fields next spring to watch for rust development in mid to late April. A fungicide application on fields with active rust pustules will be most cost effective in the spring. Most likely the rust will die overwinter and no action will be necessary next spring. We will keep you notified of any rust development next spring.
Following harvest is the best time to collect soil samples to evaluate for soybean cyst nematode levels. A soil test is the best means to determine if soybean cyst nematode is present as well as ESTIMATE population densities. The population densities of soybean cyst nematodes in a field are used to recommend management guidelines. These are guidelines, if your soil is lighter, the soybean cyst nematode is going to have a bigger impact on soybeans than in fields where the soil is heavier.
A good soil sample is critical to getting a the best estimate of the populations in your fields. Soybean cyst nematode are NOT evenly distributed in a field, they occur in pockets (http://www.ag.ohiostate.edu/~corn/images/library/scnfig2.html). Follow these guidelines for sampling.
The fees for a single shipment of soil samples from an individual farm will be: $15.00 for the first soil sample, $10.00 for each additional soil sample in the shipment. Additional information about SCN is available in OSU Extension Fact Sheet AC3998. http://ohioline.ag.ohiostate.edu/acfact/0039.html.
As a special service to producers who order soybean seed early and for companies with early marketing programs the yield and relative maturity data from the Ohio Soybean Performance Trials is expected to be on the WEB this week. Other Agronomic and Disease data will be added about the third week of November or whenever it is available. The WEB site is www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~perf A new feature of the report this year is that clicking at the top of any data column will cause the report to be sorted on that column.
Precision agriculture is dependent upon an accurate GPS signal. A differential signal makes GPS more accurate, but can be quite expensive. Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is the latest differential signal for GPS, which is currently being developed by Raytheon Corporation for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Since the FAA provides the signal, there is no user charge for WAAS signal. The accuracy of the basic GPS signal has increased significantly due to the Department of Defense (DoD) turning off the selective availability (SA) in May 2000. The accuracy of basic GPS is less than 100 feet. The United States Coast Guard Base Station Beacons along the major navigable bodies of water (i.e., Lake Erie and Ohio River) and commercial satellite providers are currently the two sources of DGPS signals. The Coast Guard and commercial satellite signals have sub-meter accuracy, but the major disadvantage with the Coast Guard signal is limited coverage near the base stations. As the distance increases from the Coast Guard base station, the accuracy of the signal decreases. The commercial satellite signal uses geostationary satellites, and therefore can send an accurate signal that is not dependant upon location, but a subscription fee is required to receive the commercial signal. The accuracy of WAAS and commercial satellite signals are not compromised with distance since the signal is being transmitted from satellites.
The horizontal and vertical accuracy of WAAS is three meters throughout the United States (Raytheon Corp.). Preliminary research in Ohio has indicated that the accuracy is less than one meter. The broadcast coverage with 98% availability is located in the central area of the United States.
WAAS is in the first of three phases of completion; therefore, it is not approved for full operational capacity for navigational purposes and should be approved by 2003. When WAAS is approved for full operational capacity, it has the potential to substitute the current differential satellite signal. The signal is currently being transmitted as a test message, but is available to use as a differential GPS signal. There may be short signal outages during the testing period and Raytheon Corporation has created a website to notify when those outages occur (http://wwws.raytheontands.com/waas/).
Most of the new GPS receivers have the ability to accept the WAAS signal. The receivers purchased before 2000 may be upgraded with software or be traded for a new receiver. It is best to check with the company where the receiver was purchased for individual company information and availability.
WAAS may be used for soil sampling, yield monitor information, scouting, and other aspects of precision agriculture.
We have received a number of calls regarding piling of corn outside this fall given the large carry-over and expected harvest volume. Most of the questions relate to how large an area will I need, or how much more volume will I gain if I build a sidewall, or how high above the ground will my delivery point have to be.
Last winter we prepared an EXCEL spreadsheet template that calculates most of those numbers.(Email your request for this spreadsheet to ward.8@osu.edu) Please note that we also have a Grain Quality Fact Sheet available on Temporary Grain Storage Considerations (GQ-38) that was first released last fall but appears to be in demand again this fall. It can be accessed at: http://www.agcom.purdue.edu/AgCom/Pubs/grain.htm
The schedules and locations for the Regional Agronomy Meeting series to be held across the state in January and December are set. The series is designed to provide high quality, timely one-day update sessions for farmers and agriculture industry professionals in agronomic crop production topics. Topics are short 30-40 minute presentations to provide solutions to current or anticipated problems and highlight current research of interest. The programs are a joint effort of Agri-industry, Ohio Corn Growers, Ohio Soybean Council, Ohio State University Extension and the OSU's Agronomic Crops Team. Sites, agendas and registration can be found at http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~corn/program.html. Below are the dates,county locations, and host agent contact information for these meetings. Call the numbers listed below or contact any office of Ohio State University Extension for complete details.
Readers can subscribe electronically to this newsletter by sending an e-mail message to: corn-out-on@postoffice.ag.ohio-state.edu. A successful subscription message will receive by an automatic reply from the listserv. Contact your local Ohio State University Extension Office or e-mail labarge.1@osu.edu if you have problems subscribing.
Past versions of C.O.R.N. can be found on the World Wide Web at: http:/www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~corn/archive/
C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry. C.O.R.N. is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, State Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are directed to State Specialists, Extension Associates, and Agents associated with Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at The Ohio State University.
Contributors to C.O.R.N. this week include: State Specialists: Pat Lipps (Plant Pathology), Anne Dorrance (Plant Pathology), Jim Beuerlein (Soybeans/Small Grains Production), Eric DeWolf (Plant Pathology), Ed Lentz (NW District Agronomist), Reza Ehsani & Matt Sullivan (Ag Engineering), Dirk Maier (Ag Engineering, Univ. of Purdue) Extension Agents: Howard Siegrist (Licking Co.), Clark Hutson (Seneca Co.), Dave Jones (Allen Co.), Greg LaBarge (Fulton Co.), Barry Ward (Champaign Co.)Editor: Barry Ward Web Editor: Tom Rosati
Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.
TDD # 1 (800) 589-8292 (Ohio only) or (614) 292-1868
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