• Satellite dishes located in most counties and 4 district Extension offices in Ohio.
• Requires purchasing hourly satellite access to use.
• Local Extension office must schedule meeting room where downlink is located and arrange for someone to manage the site.

• One way delivery from instructor to learner.

• Can provide text, audio and video for individuals to access using computers and/or DVD players.
• Low cost to duplicate.
• Overcomes barriers of access for individuals lacking broad-band web access.
• Individual can use anytime.
• Can be projected using an LCD projector for group use.

• One way delivery from instructor to learner.

• Structures delivery of web-based content.
• OSU currently uses Carmen, supplied by Desire2Learn.
• Other courseware programs are available, including various open-source models.
• Provides easy to use framework to organize and present class materials such as slide shows, streamed audio-visual materials, digitized print materials, discussion groups, synchronous chats, course assignments, quizzes, feedback to students, assessments / grades, etc.
• Can be integrated with the other distance-education tools described in this site.

• Often one-way, asynchronous delivery from instructor to learner.
• Provides tools to support two-way interaction between instructor and individual learners and between learners (synchronous or asynchronous).
• Instructor has the option to create opportunties for learners to select from among a menu of learning experiences.

Contact TELR (Technology Enhanced Learning Resources) at OSU for course development using the Carmen system:
http://telr.osu.edu/carmen/
or send e-mail to
carmen@osu.edu

• Provides one way delivery of voice using audio tools such as tapes and radio.
• Tape players are low cost and readily accessible - though being quickly replaced by CD-Rom.
• Duplication costs are low.
• Instructor must develop a script and arrange for recording and duplication of content.
• Most effective for learner when linked visually with content such as a workbook, fact sheet, web-based materials, etc.

• One way delivery of information from instructor to learner.

• Videoconferencing equipment enables geographically distant sites to be linked using both voice and visual communication.
• Requires access to a T-1 line for quality transmission.
• Can connect guest speakers worldwide to a group if they have videoconferencing equipment.
• Readily available in the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, OSU Regional Campuses, OSU Extension District Offices, OARDC including the South Centers at Piketon.
• In some instances a "bridge" connection is needed to connect systems.

• Two way interaction; enables instructor(s) and participants at multiple sites to see and hear one another.

• Can be used to link learners from many locations to discuss content.
• Can be coupled with any type of independent study as a way to create interaction among learners.
• Instructor establishes a date and time for a group conversation to take place.
• Two way conversation among two or more participants using telephones and/or speakerphones
• Uses a "bridge" or central hub for all callers to link together for meeting.
• Participants can be located anywhere they have phone access.
• Each user assumes any applicable phone charges.
• Generally is a cost for the connection "bridge".

• Two way interaction using voice only.

• Delivers video one-way via the web.
• Learners require high speed internet access for best quality transmission.
• Has potential for text and video educational materials to be featured together on a website.
• Learners can view from a personal computer or webcast can be projected for group viewing.
• Learners in many locations can view webcast simultaneously.
• Can be supplemented with chat rooms, conference calls, or other strategies to facilitate learner interaction.
• Generally low cost to deliver, though requires special software to produce program.

• Usually one way interaction from instructor to learners. May be combined with other technologies to provide some interaction among learners.

• Similar to webcast described previously, but learners access and view as their individual schedules permit.
• Can be delivered through web-based courseware for an enriched experience.

• One way delivery from instructor to learner.

• Public television, local cable access television and WebTV have been used by faculty and staff for educational programming.
• Digital access will create opportunities for linking television and web resources for learning.

• Primarily one way delivery from instructor to learner.
• Combination with web based technologies expand options for chat rooms, dialogue groups, interactive surveys and access to web resources concurrently with viewing.