| Table 3. Estimated Relative Acute Toxic Hazard1
of Some Common Pesticides3 to Spraymen |
| Most Dangerous | Dangerous | Less Dangerous | Least Dangerous |
|
| *Aldicarb (Temik) (C) | Acifluorfen (Blazer, Tackle) (N) | Acephate (Orthene) (OP) | *Amitrole (ON) |
| *Dicrotophos (Bidrin) (OP) | *Aldrin (CH) | Alachlor (Lasso) (ON) | Atrazine (AAtrex) (ON) |
| *Carbofuran LC (Furadan) (C) | *Amitraz (BAAM) (ON) | Ametryne (Evik) (ON) | Bacillus Thuringiensis (B.T., Dipel, Thuricide) (M) |
| *Chloropicrin (M)3 | Carbophenothion (Trithion) (OP) | Anilazine (Dyrene) (ON) | Benefin (Balan) (N) |
| *Demeton (Systox) (OP) | Crotoxyphos (Ciodrin) (OP) | *Azinophosmethyl (Guthion) (OP) | Benomyl (Benlate, Tersan) (C) |
| *Disulfoton (Di-Syston) (OP) | Dichlorvos (DDVP, Vapona) (OP) | Bensulide (Betasan) (OP) | Bifenox (Modown) (N) |
| *Fenamiphos (Nemacur) (OP) | *Dieldrin (CH) | Bentazon (Basagran) (ON) | Bromophos (Nexion) (OP) |
| *Fensulfothion (Dasanit) (OP) | *Dioxathion (Delnav) (OP) | BHC (CH) | Captafol (Difolatan) (M) |
| *Fonofos (Dyfonate) (OP) | *DNBP (Dinoseb, Premerg, Sinox) (N) | Binapacryl (Morocide) (N) | Captan (M) |
| *Methamidophos (Monitor) (OP) | DNOC (N) Endothall (M) | Bromoxynil (Brominal) (M) | Carbaryl (Sevin) (C) |
| *Methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) (OP) | *Endrin (CH) | Butylate (Susan) (C) | *Carbofuran Granular (Furadan) (C) |
| *Methyl Bromide (M)3 | *EPN (OP) | *Chlordane (CH) | Chloramben (Amiben) (M) |
| *Mevinphos (Phosdrin) (OP) | Fenaminosulf (Lesan) (ON) | *Chlordimeform (Fundal,Galecron) (F) | *Chlorobenzilate (Acraben) (CH) |
| *Monocrotophos (Azodrin) (OP) | Formetanate Hydrochloride (Carzol) (ON) | Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban) (OP) | Chlorothalonil (Bravo Daconil) (M) |
| *Parathion (OP) | Glyodin (ON) | Coumaphos (Co-Ral) (OP) | Chloroxuron (Tenoran) (ON) |
| *Phorate (Thimet) (OP) | Koban (M) | Cyanazine (Bladex) (ON) | Chlorpropham (Chloro-lPC) (C) |
| Schradan (OMM) (OP) | *Methidathion (Supracide) (OP) | Cycloate (Ro-Neet) (C) | DCM (Dacthal) (M) |
| *Terbufos (Counter) (OP) | *Mercaptodimethur (Methiocarb, Mesurol) (C) | Cybexatin (Plictran) (A) | Daminozide (Alar) (M) |
| Zinophos (Cynem) (OP) | *Methyl Parathion (OP) | DMSA, MSMA, CMA (A) | Dicloran (DCNA, Botran) (M) |
| Mexacarbate (Zectran) (C) | Diazinon (Diazinon, Spectracide) (OP) | Dicofol (Kelthane (CH) |
| *Nicotine (M) | Dicamba (Banvel) (M) | Dikar (C) |
| *Oxamyl (Vydate) (ON) | Dichlobenil (Casoron) (M) | Diquat (D) |
| Pentachlorophenol (CP) | Dichlofenthion (VC-13 Nematicide) (OP) | Dodine (Cyprex) (ON) |
| Phosalone (Zolone) (OP) | Dichlone (Phygon, Quintar) (CH) | Dormant Oil (M) |
| *Phosphamidon (Dimecron) (OP) | Dienochlor (Pentac) (CH) | EPTC (Eptam, Eradicane) (C) |
| Pirimicarb (Perimor) (C) | Dimethazone (Command) (M) | Ferbam (Carbamate) (C) |
| Propcxur (Baygon) (C) | Dimethoate (Cygon, Defend) (OP) | Folpet (Phaltan) (M) |
| *Sodium Arsenite (A) | Diphenamid (Dymid, Enide) (ON) | Fosamine Ammonium (Krenite) (OP) |
| *Triphenyltin Hydroxide (Du-Ter) (A) | Diuron (Karmex) (ON) | IPC (Propham) (M) |
| | *Dyclofop-methyl (Hoelan) (CH) | Linuron (Lorox) (ON) |
| | Endosulfan (Thiodan) (CH) | MCPA (CP) |
| | Ethion (OP) | Malathion (Cythion) (OP) |
| | Ephephon (Ethrel) (OP) | Maneb (Dithane, Mancozab, Manzate, Polyram) (C) |
| | Fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex) (A) | Methoprene (Altosid) (M) |
| | Fenthion (Baytex) (OP) | Methoxychlor (MaHate) (CH) |
| | *Fenvalerate (Pydrin) (P) | Metiram (Polyram) (C) |
| | Fluazifop-butyl (Fusilade) (M) | NAA (M) |
| | Glyphosate (Round-up) (M) | Napropamide (Devrinol) (M) |
| | *Heptachlor (CH) | Naptalam (Alanap, Dyanap) (M) |
| | Imazaquin (Sceptor) (M) | Oryzalin (Surflan) (N) |
| | Lead Arsenate (A) | Oxythioquinox (Morestan) (M) |
| | Lindane (CH) MCPP (CP) | PCNB (N) |
| | Metalaxyl (Ridomil) (M) | Piperonyl Butoxide (M) |
| | Metam-Sodium (Vapam) (M) | Profluralin (Tolban) (N) |
| | Metribuzin (Sencor) (ON) | *Pronamide (Kerb) (N) |
| | Naled (Dibrom) (OP) | Propachlor (Ramrod) (M) |
| | Oxydemeton- methyl (Meta- Systox- R) (OP) | Propozine (Milogard) (ON) |
| | *Paraquat (Gramoxone) (D) | Pyrethrins (B) |
| | Pebulate (Tillam) (C) | Rotenone (M) |
| | Pendimethalin (Prowl) (N) | Siduron (Tupersan) (ON) |
| | *Permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) (P) | *Simazine (Princep (ON) |
| | Phosmet (Imidan) (OP) | Streptomycin (M) |
| | *Picloram (Tordon) (ON) | Sulfur (M) |
| | Propargite (Omite) (M) | Temephos (Abate) (OP) |
| | Pyrazon (Pryamin) (M) | Terbacil (Sinbar) (ON) |
| | Sethoxydim (Poast) (M) | Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) (OP) |
| | Thiophanate-methyl (Topsin-M) (C) | Tetradifon (Tedion) (CH) |
| | *Toxaphene (CH) | Thiram (C) Trifluralin (Treflan) (N) |
| | Triadimefon (Bayleton) (M) | Triforine (Funginex) (F) |
| | Trichlorfon (Dylox, Negavon) (OP) | 2,4D (CP) |
| | Vernolate (Vernam, Reward) (C) | Zineb (Dithane, Parzate, Polyram) (C) |
| | | Ziram (C) |
| 1 The estimates of hazard in this table are based primarily on the
observed acute dermal, and to a less extent, oral toxicity of these
compounds to experimental animals. Also of consideration is the degree
of requirement for the wearing of protective clothing and, where
available, the use experience of the pesticide product. Classification
into toxicity groups is both approximate and relative the asterisk (*)
denotes the pesticide as being classified as "restricted use" by U.S.
EPA and/or Ohio. |
| 2 The chemical class to which the pesticide belongs is designated as
follows: A, arsenical and other metalloids; B, botanical; C,
carbamate; CH, organochlorine or chlorinated hydrocarbon; CP,
chlorophenoxy; D, depyridyl; F. formamidine; M, miscellaneous; N,
nitro; OP, organophosphate; ON, organonitrogen; P, pyrethroid. |
| 3 The fumigant materials chloropicron, and Methyl Bromide have
toxicities in the "Moderate" category, but the volatility and hazards
require special handling. |
| Note: The format for this listing was taken from the publication
"Safety in the Use of Pesticides" by Wolf and Durham, Toxicology
Section, Toxicology Branch, Communicable Disease Center, Public Health
Service, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, Wenatchee
Washington as revised by the State of Washington, Department of Social
and Health Services Pesticide Program. The listing was extensively
revised by Ohio Cooperative Extension Service personnel in 1978, 1982
and 1986 with the deletion of some pesticides, the addition of many
current pesticides and the notation of restricted use classification.
A restricted use classification is not necessarily directly related to
toxicity, but may also reflect environmental, exposure and handling
problems. |
| Current and planned EPA Special Reviews and other proposals may affect
the classification and registration of several of the pesticide listed
above. |
| Table 3, listing the various pesticides and their relative acute toxic
rating, is reprinted by permission of the U.S. Public Health Service,
Pesticides Program, N.C.D.C., Public Health Service, Department of
Health, Education and Welfare, Wenatchee, Washington.
|
